The Department of Medical Toxicology consists of two divisions, Analytical Toxicology and Clinical Toxicology, and was officially established on August 1, 2024. The Division of Clinical Toxicology, established in July 1998 and originally part of the Emergency Department at Taichung Veterans General Hospital, was reorganized and transferred to the newly created department. 
The department is responsible for poisoning prevention and treatment in central Taiwan and has provided critical medical diagnosis and assistance during several major social incidents, such as the mass poisoning event at the Nantou Vocational Training Institute caused by carbamate pesticide, the cyanide criminal incident, as well as poisonings in oil refineries, sewers, and among painters.
Since 2016, in addition to continuing to test for organic solvents, pesticides, and other substances, the department has established a mass spectrometry laboratory. It now offers testing and analysis for over 100 types of toxins and heavy metals. Notably, its heavy metal testing has been certified by the Ministry of Labor as a designated inspection agency for specific inspection items.